China issued "The United States Military Power Report 2009"

The United States' Military Power 2009

The United States Department of Defense announced March 25 by the year 2009, "Chinese Military Power Report." In this report a total of 78, including six chapters of part of the body. This is the United States since 2000, the ninth release, "Chinese Military Power Report," rendering the continuation of the so-called "China military threat theory" tone, caused by China's strong dissatisfaction and resolute opposition. In that case, the United States armed forces are doing their own be? As the world's military power, the U.S. military expansion and global expansion is for all to see at all over the world.

"International Herald Tribune" pointed out that so far, the U.S. military is the world's only large-scale global implementation to delivery, and to stay away from home anywhere in the world to launch regional war. It has the world's largest nuclear arsenal, the largest military spending and defense industry, as well as having the most advanced military equipment. Since the end of the Cold War, the world's most powerful military in world politics is not broken plates and re-play its due role in stop-ping for, but continue to promote NATO's eastward expansion and consolidation of the Asia-Pacific military alliance, and vigorously anti-missile system construction cause global strategic imbalance in military power to promote their ideology and backed by the rules of the market, and in Iraq, the former Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, Afghanistan, frequent use of forces, improper involvement in local affairs, and even interfere in the internal affairs. Some people in the world, the U.S. is their protector, while others, the U.S. military are war, blockade and aggression.

Defense Strategy: In order to force the U.S. to provide security to dominate the world

June 2008, the United States Department of Defense released a new version of the national defense strategy. The strategy report states that national defense strategy of the United States has 5 objectives: homeland defense, to win the long war (against terrorism refers to the current non-state actors, such as war), to enhance security, fear of conflict just won the National War (and probably refers to the sovereignty of National war). To this end measures should be taken of the strategy are: to shape the strategic choice of countries to prevent the adversary to obtain weapons of mass destruction, strengthen and expand the league to ensure that U.S. strategic access and freedom of movement, to strengthen the forces of integration.

Strategy in the new version of the report, with the exception of the United States to eliminate the threat of terrorism facing directly with some of the distant threat of missiles and nuclear weapons, the U.S. has repeatedly stressed that the strategic doctrine for the United States are in fact leading the world to provide force protection. Such as "shape the strategic choice of the major countries", "freedom of action to ensure that the United States," in fact mean deterrence through military means and strategies to make other big countries at the United States should not contend with the international community to action, so that the United States can do whatever they want.

To this end, the U.S. military to do everything possible to protect their status as the world's strongest. At July 25, 2008 release of "Army modernization strategy," the construction of direct indication of the purpose of the U.S. Army is "to ensure that American soldiers have the best possible under the conditions of the equipment, so that the world has become the most advantage of U.S. Army land-based forces , with all combat capability. "

Military spending from the United States, the development of military equipment, foreign operations, the global system of alliances with the military look, the U.S. military presence is one of the world, the global intervention, the full advantage of seeking to combat any anti-US forces, to contain any potential challenger, are designed to ensure that the United States at World Leaders 21st century.

Military upgrade: There is no opponent to make defenseless

The total strength of U.S. active-duty people to 1.43 million, coast guard and reserve personnel more than 90 million people. Chinese American population of less than one-fourth of the population, the strategic geographical location between East and West have a natural barrier Yang, the North and the South there is no land dispute, the size of its military power far beyond the needs of homeland defense. U.S. active main battle equipment on the battlefield often a generation ahead of rivals, and the formation of land, sea, air, space, electromagnetic system of joint operations. At the recent wars, the U.S. military in a one-way transparent combat battlefield environment to non-contact, non-symmetrical manner to reach the battlefield quickly win. Days at the U.S. military system, the air, and sea, the advantages of electromagnetic system, the small and medium-sized country in addition to the use of anti-US militants and close the suicide attack, attack on the use of complex terrain there is very little way outside of the U.S. military casualties.

Has absolute advantage in possession, the U.S. military continues to increase investment in the development of new weapons in order to always maintain the military leader.

The United States is currently at 18 strategic missile submarines in the allocation of the 432 submarine-launched ballistic missiles, land-based ICBMs in active service at the same time have a 550 (one of the "Minuteman" Ⅲ type 500, MX "Peacekeeper" type 50), 208 strategic bomber frame. These nuclear weapons and their means of delivery in terms of quantity, or accuracy, ability to break through the defense on all the world's most powerful, making the strategic balance in the United States has a dominant position. But still in 2002 the United States out of the "Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty", to develop anti-missile systems, and strive to set up a "I can only fight against the world, but people have not any ability to fight back," one of the strategic offensive and defensive systems.

In 2008, the United States conducted a total of 11 anti-ballistic missile flight tests, including the middle ground defense system 2 times 2 times the middle of the sea-based, sea-based, 3 times in the last paragraph, last paragraph of the 2nd High Altitude Area Defense, "Patriot 3" System 2 times.

February 21, 2008, the U.S. military the use of ship-borne anti-missile system "standard 3" missile to destroy an out-of-control "the United States 193" military satellites, once again a show of force to the world, showing its anti-missile, anti-satellite Super strength .

As of the end of 2008, the United States has been the deployment of 30 ground-based interceptor missile, the last paragraph of the 24 high-altitude interceptor missile area, 34 "standard 3" shells and sea-based interceptor missiles more than 600 "Patriot 3" missile interception. At the same time, the United States the development of boost phase missile defense system has achieved the results of airborne laser system and the kinetic energy interceptor the interceptor missile system test have made significant progress.

The field of conventional arms, the U.S. military has continued to develop the next generation of weapons. Have a supersonic cruise, stealth, over-the-horizon attack the capacity of the fourth-generation combat F-22 "Raptor" fighter has served to ensure that the United States in the next 40 years, the continued occupation of the world's sky. The East Asian region so far have no F-22 fighters of the fourth-generation performance in 2008 beginning from F-22 stationed in Guam, the implementation of the East Asian region to deter the deployment of a number of countries on the Asian continent to form a potential threat to the airspace.

At present, the U.S. military not only has the world's largest aircraft carrier fleet, and implementation of all nuclear power. Country is in the main owner and the maintenance of 12 conventionally-powered aircraft carrier at the time and effort, the United States has been more than ready "Nimitz" class aircraft carrier generation more advanced. U.S. military plans in the next 50 years in the construction of 11 one after another, "Ford" class aircraft carrier, so that the 21st century a century the United States marine has become, "Ford" world class aircraft carrier fleet.

At the same time, the U.S. military for a variety of battlefield land at man's future combat systems, and space warfare equipment in the R & D and update that the U.S. has no rival in the pursuit of so defenseless military standards, the formation of other countries an overwhelming threat.

Military expenditure, military trade: no one can and the "two peaks"

Over the years, the United States ranked first in the world in the defense budget. According to Stockholm International Peace Research Institute statistics, in 2007 the United States military spending 546.8 billion U.S. dollars, accounting for 40% of global military expenditure above.

Although the United States will be huge amounts of military spending through channels such as Congressional hearings made public, but the military, the military's covert support for free trade has never been included. Over the years, the United States maintained a huge military industrial complex in the world, hundred of military enterprises, occupy about half of the United States. The United States has maintained for many years the world's arms exports. Trade and income of these military forces is not directly transferred to the U.S. military, but U.S. support for the use of a large number of weapons production and research and development equipment. The development of new weapons, military units of production and operation of laboratory equipment, hundreds of thousands of military personnel to maintain all from here.

To some extent, the U.S. military enterprises for the provision of a "hidden financial support." The interests of business and military communities together to influence decision-making, tend to cause the United States to use force to resolve international issues and the war in the region of excessive use of arms and ammunition to show the performance of advanced weapons. The United States in 2008 decided to sell China Taiwan region "Patriot 3" missile defense system, "E-2T" early warning aircraft upgrade services, "Apache" helicopters, "Javelin" missile, submarine-launched "Harpoon" missiles and zero-plane 6 components, such as weapons and equipment, the total value of 6,463,000,000 U.S. dollars. Hidden behind the arms sales to the military and the military enterprises of common interest-driven. The United States military enterprises large and powerful army in close contact, give a huge threat to world peace.

The war on terror: a large number of innocent persons injured

Sovereign state in the same conventional military confrontation, the United States already has a great advantage. Since the "9.11" attack since the development of the situation shows that most of the United States are a threat to the terrorist attacks, as well as anti-US forces had weapons of mass destruction and other new security threats.

The United States in responding to complex non-traditional security issues, would be unwise to use the traditional method of warfare. In Iraq and Afghanistan, two wars are the most important job the U.S. military in recent years. Easy brutal battlefield action of local people help to solve the problem of anti-US, not only increased the U.S. military casualties, but also caused substantial civilian casualties.

Up to now, the U.S. war in Iraq a total of 4261 people were killed and up to 99,700 civilians were killed more than possible. In Afghanistan, the U.S. military's current 673 people have died, and the local statistics of civilian deaths has at least 8,000 people have. Are more lethal, the U.S. military in 2001 after launching the war in Afghanistan did not adequately here the post-war governance. Cause the rapid increase in opium production in Afghanistan. At present, the world's opium and heroin production has doubled over the previous war, there is one of about 90% from Afghanistan. Central Asia, the Middle East, Russia, near the regions and countries and thus increase the volume of drug consumption, a large number of innocent young victims.
At present, the U.S. military claimed that the situation in Iraq improved, ready for a speedy end to the occupation of Iraq, to focus our efforts on resolving the problem in Afghanistan. It was the reckless war, rushed troops now, is likely to leave the world are another source of chaos.

Seizing the world: national defense "against" the door to other countries

America's so-called "national defense" is one of the world war in fact. About 200 overseas bases and military facilities in support of the U.S. military garrison and combat the global system. The main combat units are stationed in six geographical "put together the world's pipe," the Combined Forces Command, as well as the corresponding Fleet 6. Fleet 2, respectively, is the first (Atlantic), 3 Fleet (East, South and North Pacific), 4 Fleet (Central and South American waters), 5 Fleet (Indian Ocean, the Persian Gulf, Red Sea), 6 Fleet (Mediterranean Sea, Black Sea) 7 Fleet (Western Pacific, Indian Ocean).

Global consumption of the garrison in the United States taxpayers substantial money in some countries give enormous military pressure to force the selection of their songs have to form an alliance intended to increase military spending and other measures reluctantly. U.S. troops also to the base of many of the problems caused by the host country. Since last year, U.S. nuclear submarines, nuclear-powered aircraft carrier at the overseas successive collision, fire and other accidents, the people brought to the country of nuclear-related leakage of the great panic. However, the U.S. military is still set up in 2008 and reconstruction of the African Command in charge of Latin America's first Sea Fleet 4. At present, the U.S. military tentacles have extended to the countries adjacent to the border and territorial waters.

Control of the world's leading strategic channel strategy in the region of U.S. troops but are extremely sensitive to the development of countries in the military, the armed forces of any country to go abroad to take part in international action to safeguard the legitimate rights and interests of the country they are suspicious, that this "could lead to regional military imbalance . " In fact the U.S. is really worried about the arbitrary and out of their territory and territorial waters of other countries of the "freedom of movement" have been blocked.

At present, the focus of U.S. troops in Afghanistan, trying to grasp the long-term monitoring in the hinterland of Eurasia, Russia, India and Pakistan have nuclear four countries, to the Persian Gulf, the Caucasus, Central Asia, such as strategic influence. In East Asia, Japan and South Korea at the United States maintains 77,000 years the garrison, the carrier can happen at any time into the sea, the most advanced fighters and submarines at any time near the big country of targets in depth. The forward deployment of the Eurasian continent and to contain the U.S. military in the relevant country in quick succession before a sword, watching the situation.

International contribution and military strength are extremely asymmetric

The United States owns the world's second number of the army, in the global strategic garrison. U.S. military strategy and that the maintenance of freedom and peace, and humanitarian assistance is one of the functions of the U.S. military. However, the U.S. military in international peacekeeping and humanitarian operations to play a minimal role.

10 As in 2008 at the end of the world in 46 local wars and armed conflicts, the total of 898 terrorist attacks since, in addition to many food crises, natural disasters need to question the international community for assistance. Ability to have a global strategy to deliver a powerful well-equipped troops, well-trained, should play a greater role. However, the reality is that in March 2008, according to United Nations peacekeeping force in the countries announced contributions, provided the United States at that time only 268 police, 16 observers and 13 peacekeeping troops. 29 people sent by the U.S. military at that time accounted for 88,862 United Nations peacekeeping force in the proportion of people are 0.0326%. And June 1, 2008 only the United States Department of Defense announced U.S. troops in Iraq up to 182,060 people on the whole of the United Nations peacekeeping force many times 2.

Even though the U.S. military faces in Iraq and Afghanistan military situation is grim, but the United States, unlike China, Russia and other countries facing complex as the land boundary with the surrounding countries do not have the potential of the territory, territorial waters of conflict. An objective need to take on the U.S. military presence and combat readiness of the local smaller mission. In 2008, the U.S. military in addition to the two wars, its strategic nuclear submarines and aircraft carriers to spend substantial resources to conduct a transoceanic cruise, only strategic nuclear submarines 31 times on the cruise, and its troops are under the jurisdiction of the global area of large-scale exercises and training. All of this shows that the U.S. military has sufficient strength and ability to perform the task of safeguarding national security mission outside, unfortunately, these forces have not been used in U.S. military respected humanitarian and peacekeeping operations go.

Height is narrowly partisan: Western values by force

Vocational emphasis of the U.S. military, non-intervention in political colors. But in fact the U.S. military in national defense strategy clearly want to defend democracy and freedom, against tyranny, dictatorship and extremism. Apart from the U.S. military's duty to defend the country and also to defend the United States allies and countries have similar views.

East Asian countries in the face of a dispute between the benefits, in addition to the United States based on "caring for small suppression big" checks and balances the interests of the guidelines, but also a large number of ideological considerations doping. China and its neighboring countries in the dispute over maritime rights and interests, as well as on the Taiwan issue, the U.S. military's tendency to reflect the interests of all political systems and ideological and cultural considerations.

U.S. long-term coastal existence, constantly updated to enhance military power, and the relevant country and regional affairs, to intervene, making inter-country consultation in East Asia sea, island dispute difficulties, the Chinese also hindered the implementation of the normal pace of national unity.

In Europe, the United States military influence in the framework of NATO's eastward expansion continued eastward, continuing to strengthen the construction of an antimissile system, exacerbated by some Eastern European countries and Russia's security collisions. Happened during the Olympic Games in 2008 the Russian-Georgian war, the United States of the region and relations between the great military policy.

In short, the United States military forces the United States interests and values are the defenders and the implementation of, the United States are allies in the protection of God, but did not give the world security in general. U.S. military to maintain a balance of military power is not really balanced, but to complete the side of the U.S.; the U.S. military action to ensure that freedom is not free to everyone, but only the U.S. military can do whatever they want; the U.S. military to achieve peace is not equal freedom prosperity, but the U.S. military firing range reconnaissance and the "order."

This is the U.S. military.

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The new government to repair the image of the United States National hawks increasingly lose power

Bush's 8 years, and its unilateral policy of reckless hawks of the United States power consumption seriously, seriously damaged the image of country. Obama to "change" under the banner of the White House, promised to repair the image of the United States, but people still doubt that if not because of the war in Iraq into a quagmire, if not because the financial crisis hit, will the U.S. government change its "hegemonic strategy"? Willthe hawks naturally disappear style吗? From Obama on China, Russia, Iran and other countries on the attitude of the past two months, hawks give the impression that the United States entered the impression of a low ebb. But many scholars believe that the United States, appointed from the Obama foreign policy team, the formation is "Since the most conservative since the Kennedy administration's foreign policy team." A Chinese expert properly this session than the characteristics of the U.S. government as a "hawk skin, doves heart." That there is certain is that, after all, the situation than people, and the current crisis, the conservatives have to the United States to seek cooperation in the world.

Hawks in the United States to enter the low

In March this year, some analysts believe that the hawks in the United States deliberately speculation the U.S. Navy to monitor ships and Chinese ships in the South China Sea, "stand-off" case, but also dished out the "Chinese Military Power Report," playing up "China threat" theory, but the action can hardly cover up the American Eagle gradually lose power and influence to send the truth. Hong Kong's "Economic Daily News," the analysts believe that after Obama took office, Secretary of State Hillary "focus on listening to more than confrontation," the United States military hawks increasingly lose power, because in the world media coverage, can not find any well-known hawkish remarks . In the case in the South China Sea, with the exception of the Pentagon spokesman Bryan Whitman said, "We will continue this (monitoring) activities", only the United States Pacific Command before retiring at Keating suddenly tough message, saying that "China provocation. " Prior to this, relatively moderate Keating's attitude toward China.
According to Washington insiders know people who do analysis, American hawks are the most flourishing period of the early Bush administration in 2001, when four hawks Dick Cheney, Rumsfeld, Wolfowitz, Bolton, respectively, vice president, national defense Minister, Deputy Minister of Defense, on behalf of the United Nations. "9.11" the ever-changing situations, because the Iraq war hawks and the war on terror slowly lost at an important position in government.

Dick Cheney, etc. Although people are not serving the government, it is still customary to make hawkish remarks. Russia "newspaper opinion" issued March 15, entitled "Cheney's criticism of Obama to make the United States is facing a new terrorist threat" to the article. The article said that Obama came into office, the Bush administration to change the very "hawks" and the diplomatic confrontation color line, so that a comprehensive U.S. foreign policy shift. This has led opposition to the U.S. hawks. On behalf of one of hawkish former U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney in mid-March in a TV interview of President Obama to overturn Bush's anti-terrorism policy expressed strong dissatisfaction. Cheney said that this will result in not enough American security, they are faced with the threat of terrorist attacks. He also worried about the economic crisis Obama to expand the use of the functions of government.

"Reported that opinion," Bakiyev quoted the analysis of Russian analysts believe that even though Cheney's remarks sounded very far-fetched, but he hawks the United States reflects the actual ideas. The report also said that "9.11" before, Cheney, Rumsfeld and other hawks in the United States has been mainly dominated the Bush administration's security and defense policy. Hawks in the United States Congress, the business community, the media have a lot of supporters, a huge support network, in particular, the arms dealers who are more American hawks are the main background.

Obama Government "Paper hawks, doves heart"

Some analysts believe that foreign policy team Obama has emerged between factions. Vice-President from Biden, the Democratic Party, the Permanent Representative to the United Nations and the Secretary of State Susan Rice Hillary become one group, they think "the United States are unique in the world occupy the moral high ground of the country"; faction are also pragmatists, representative is the President for National Security Affairs Assistant Defense Secretary Robert Gates, such as Jones and the people from the Republican Party.

Singapore's "Lianhe Zaobao," published March 17 article said that in the Obama foreign policy team of two people, the Clinton and Jones is the president's diplomacy, "Heng Ha will be two." Once served as commander of NATO forces and U.S. Marines commander Jones gentleman has, but as a soldier, he was sternly criticized Bush's Iraq policy failures.

Scholars in the United States, who is the hawks who are doves, and sometimes the boundaries are not obvious. Patrick Frey and scholars in recent days the United States at the right-wing conservative forces of the John Birch Society magazine, said the author, the traditional conservative forces have hope through the outgoing Bush, Obama cleared his neo-conservative forces, but that is not such as people want, Obama is not that people look forward to the messengers of peace, which is mainly embodied in three aspects:

The first is the appointment of government officials in areas such as the hawks still have very strong color. Representative of neo-conservative David Horowitz believes that since Obama set up the most conservative since the Kennedy administration's foreign policy team. Biden selection as vice-president that the Democratic Party to defend "freedom and democracy" and the global forces at Obama government will prevail. In 1999, the United Biden is McCain and Lieberman on sending ground troops to Yugoslavia, which is neo-conservative think-tank with the "New American Century" happens to coincide with the aspirations. Hillary is the Democratic Party and the most support for the representative use of force against Iraq.

Secondly, the main battle over the appointment of hawkish Clinton and former government officials and neo-conservatism are inextricably linked in important positions, such as the Persian Gulf and South-West Asia Service is responsible for the Special Assistant to Dennis Ross, as well as hawkish leader of the Democratic Party , Afghanistan and Pakistan affairs envoy Richard Holbrooke.

Third, a strong color of its main battle staff. Phillips, former CIA officials warned that Obama senior adviser Dennis Ross have been involved in a major neo-conservatives from the working group. The group issued a report urging the new government to take tough stance against Iran at any time to launch a military offensive against Iraq to do a good job of preparation. Ross has also actively advocated the use of force against Iraq. In addition, some people even consider the appointment of Jones as the president's national security adviser is also a bad sign. "American Conservative Defense Alliance" of many classes that Jones advocated an increase in military spending, to the NATO forces stationed in the West Bank that will bring about the disastrous consequences. The United States Inghirami independent journalist and writer said that in foreign policy, Obama will continue to follow the Bush line, that is, "promoting democracy and pursuing a strong interventionist."

"This session features Obama Government can hawk skin, heart doves to describe." Research Center of Fudan University, deputy director of the United States Professor Wu Xinbo think, is the United States Government officials seem to be very much hard-line hawks, but at in specific policies, but would not necessarily show the style of hawks. The current crisis, the United States and China hope to seek the cooperation of the world as a whole. Government structures in the first team, the President Obama to take into account the opposition parties will probably have him too weak to attack the policy of cooperation, it seems necessary to choose some tough people to important positions and the implementation of constructive and cooperative policy toward China. The United States "Time" magazine in December last year, has published an article that Obama "cabinet of hawks" have their table only. "New York Times" columnist David Brooks believes that Obama's diplomatic point of view closer to the current reality than Bush.

Wu Xinbo think, of course, does not mean that such features will not be a hawk on China to make some little problem, after all, the long run, the hawks in the United States must have the market, but also must have the political opportunity. For domestic political needs, they would still be in the human rights, Taiwan and Tibet issues, said some remarks, but certainly not mainstream. In this regard, in order to prevent interference with the hawks of the overall situation of Sino-US relations, the Chinese should go as far as possible, "top line", bypassing the more hawkish gather mid-level officials, and direct contact with the most senior officials.

The United States has been overbearing hawks

"Global Times" reporter has a number of hawks in the United States has been in contact, they get the impression that is overbearing. Known as "old conservative Congress" George Ivanovich are the Code of Ethics Committee and the Senate Homeland Security and Chairman of the Political Committee, he has repeatedly advocated in Congress with China, India and other countries to compete and have a lot of criticism of Chinese society questions. At a gathering on the reporter asked him why the United States sometimes unjustified attacks on Mr China, he replied: "We are defending our freedoms and values that Americans have a responsibility to bring happiness to the world ... ..." and then hastily turned elsewhere, with others, talk to the other questions.

At present, the hawkish U.S. policy that the main idea and some from the conservative think tank. The Reagan administration the United States mid-level officials of the Department of Defense, is responsible for the United States Center for Security Policy Frank Gaffney have people in front of the reporter said: "The US-China relations will be how to develop? Frankly, is to move towards conflict. The United States policy toward China not enough hard-line, should be more alert. "

China policy, the rise of the hawks in the United States before and after 1995. At that time, subject to the impact of neo-conservative ideas, the political rise of the United States the so-called "foreign policy community", they claimed the "Blue Army", an objective assessment of those who ridiculed the people of Sino-US relations are at "to speak Chinese," and as "Red Army." This is because the United States at military exercises, on behalf of blue square (the U.S.), while the Red Army on behalf of the enemy. These "blue" but some think tank, the first circle of Friends Street, F Street in Washington, usually the "American Hotel" or a person's private residence in the meeting, discuss the country are, then, the team slowly grow, spread to the News , politics, lobbying circles. Between them using mass e-mail or private online forum for exchange of needed goods, and gradually formed a circle in Washington, asked tough "with China the value of consensus."

There is the main representative of these hawks, "Weekly Standard" editor-in-chief William Crystal, well-known columnist Robert Kagan, "Washington Times" Bill Gertz senior reporter, "The New York Times" columnist Rosen Tartu and the "Atlantic" magazine journalist Benjamin Schwartz et al. These people have a strong voice in China, but also has close ties with politicians, if a politician came to power, they will probably have to seek high. Such as the United States before the general election in 2008, Washington insiders have speculated that if McCain wins, Robert Kagan will be Secretary of State.

All kinds of hawks States

To bring other countries on the Internationally "hawks", has told Israel's Ariel Sharon and Palestinian hard-line recently, such as re-hawk Benjamin Netanyahu to form a cabinet. In Russia, the representative of Russia to NATO Rogozin has always been a result of internal affairs and diplomacy at the extreme position held by "komsomolets Moscow" and other media as a hawk, he advocates the Russian nationalist and fierce criticism of the United States is well-known, "are one people to own and without compromise known diplomat. " Russian Liberal Democratic Party leader Vladimir Zhirinovsky and Moscow Mayor Yuri Luzhkov also be regarded as a hawk. The latter was also a tough and pragmatic, in the Russian won the "Patriot pragmatism" of the title.

Indian hard-liners to bring, people will naturally think of Vajpayee, Defense Minister George Fernandes of the time. Shortly after taking office, Fernandez, have spoken repeatedly about the "China threat theory" and led India's nuclear tests, but also a threat to "wipe from the map of Pakistan." In recent years, the Indian National Congress Party, "Three veteran North Korea," Foreign Minister Pranab Mukherjee at the current treatment often surrounding the relationship between the hard-line stance. But the whole, have been bred in India, this "non-violent non-cooperation" movement of the country, several hard-liners will eventually be returned to after a tough and pragmatic. Even if the fee's, but also in the delegation to visit China during the SARS, the Chinese feel the sincerity of the development of bilateral relations, attitudes toward China after returning up at a 180-degree turn.

In Japan there is also closer to the hawkish style of "hardliners" and, if more extreme nationalist sentiment, but also of the United States dare to say "no" to the current Tokyo Governor Shintaro Ishihara. Japan's political arena in recent decades, there have been Kakuei Tanaka, Yasuhiro Nakasone and other "pragmatic hardliners," Junichiro Koizumi, has also this kind of "extreme hard-liners" and Taro Aso, this kind of "hardliners II" (from a political family, Although nurtured by the neo-conservative, but with some flexibility). JCC in Japan by the Japan Research Institute Chang-yan think, strictly speaking, Japan's post-war American hawks did not really, this is the post-war control of Japan by the United States, a major political and diplomatic decision-making must be the only lead the United States, mainly from the United States security commitment to the core of most politicians also have the context of the United States, and thus will be the United States has remained largely consistent with the political groups.

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How surprise!Obama inauguration photos were processed with photoshop actully

Recently seen on a network at Obama's inauguration scene photos ultra-ching, which claims 14.7 million pixels. But look carefully, we know that these photos have been using photoshop deal, so many photos on the Opera made many mistakes. The United States has such shoddy cameraman of "work", I feel ridiculous!

Local image

bodyguards or ghosting？

bodyguards or ghosting

Mask politician

Mask politicians

Bosom beauty with the thigh

Too large coat

The head out from the belly up drilling

The Big terrible barrelf

Terrible ghosting

The tuner with 4 hands

The woman with 3 legs but without head

The transparent people

The transparent people

The transparent people

The broken trombone

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Chinese military expert: "China's Military Power Report" is detrimental to China-US mutual trust

For the United States Department of Defense released 200 9 annual "Chinese Military Power Report," Lee shuisheng Chinese military experts pointed out that on the 27th, the report is still basically duplicate previous platitudes and no reason to continue to challenge China's peaceful development road, playing up China's military threat theory, eventually the two sides can only be detrimental to the military mutual trust, security and stability in the region and the world peace.
China to accept the visit, the world's military Department of the Academy of Military Science researcher aquatic Lee said that the United States questioned China's peaceful development path of the core, that is, that the Chinese military threat. In fact, as long as easy compare the strategic intention of China and the United States and military strength, Who are the real source of military threat, it is self-evident. From a strategic intent that China unswervingly follows the road of peaceful development, pursues a defensive national defense policy, which has been very clear that China's military development direction, and the United States to pursue global expansion strategy, acting as the world's policeman; from military strength , China lags behind the United States. Second thought, even if the Chinese military are strong, then it should be. China such a big country, and military development of certain aggressive country was a bit deterrence, very reasonable, This is because the needs of deterrence, it is necessary to safeguard world peace.
The report that China's "active defense" strategy implies a proactive logic aquatic Lee said that some military people with common sense would understand that one look, the report made three mistakes: First, put the battle on the initiative as a strategic pre-emptive; two are fuzzy on the aggression and the strategy of pro-active threshold; three are understood as a passive self-defense put beaten. The reason why the report willfully distorted China's "active defense" military strategy and combat theory, in fact are in the same rendering search based on China's military threat.
"In fact," 2008 "China's National Defense White Paper clearly read: China's military strategy of active defense, insist on the strategic defense, the principle of self-defense and win by striking only after the enemy had struck. Such a strategy, how very possible and the United States Fu aggressive pre-emptive strategy of the same? "
Aquatic Lee stressed that the Chinese military transparency in recent years to enhance a positive and unremitting efforts, only a very formal, detailed defense white paper published on the straight four. The international community in order to see more to understand, the Chinese government also provided the English version. Is this not transparent? However, the report continued to criticize China's strategic intentions and military capabilities and an opaque military spending. As the report said Chinese military strategic principle of the new era, "2008" China's National Defense White Paper noted that this approach based on informationization winning local wars under the conditions; pay attention to contain the crisis and war; strive to improve the military response a variety of security threats, achieve the diversification of the ability of the military mission. This is very clear.

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China's Military Power Report 2009

The New York Times article: China's military power: China's Military Power Spend analysis (actual is critical) vision to read.
Download:PDF China's Military Power Report 2009

Since the 1990s, China has dramatically improved its military capabilities on land and sea, in the air, and in space. Recently, China has begun to project its military power beyond the Pacific Ocean by deploying a flotilla of small warships in December 2008 to the Gulf of Aden to aid in international efforts to fight Somali piracy. Historically, the United States is most concerned about the possibility of a conflict between China and Taiwan, though tensions between the two have lessened since 2008. But looking decades ahead, U.S. military planners clearly see the potential for China to develop as a "peer competitor." The U.S. Defense Department's 2008 report on China's military power says "much uncertainty surrounds China's future course, in particular in the area of its expanding military power and how that power might be used."
But experts say China is still decades away from challenging U.S. military's preeminence. Its ground forces field 1980s vintage armor and suffer from significant shortcomings in command and control, air defense, logistics, and communications. Its air force, too, lags behind those of Western powers, though China flies about one hundred top-end Russian Su-27 warplanes and has contracted to purchase newer Su-33s, which are capable of carrier-based operations. China plans to build aircraft carriers domestically, but currently has none under construction.
None of this, however, adds up to an arms race. James Mulvenon, director of the Washington-based Center for Intelligence Research and Analysis, says China's military modernization "makes perfect sense to me as a natural evolution commensurate with China's rise as a great power." The concerns expressed by Western military experts focus on longer-term motives. Kerry Dumbaugh, a specialist in Asian affairs at the U.S. Congressional Research Service, sums up these security concerns (PDF) in a 2008 report, citing China's lack of transparency in military funding and operations; recurring instances of espionage directed at obtaining U.S. military secrets; evidence of China's improving military and technological prowess; and Beijing's military and technological assistance to states like Zimbabwe, Myanmar, and others viewed as repressive or international pariahs. Many of these issues may become less contentious through a better military-to-military relationship and improved trust between the two powers, say experts. For instance, the increasing economic interdependence of the United States and China should provide a solid basis for avoiding conflict. But accidents between the two militaries, such as the midair collision between a U.S. spy plane and a Chinese fighter in 2001, or the accidental missile strike on China's embassy in Belgrade in 1999, could still spark a conflict neither side desires.
China's Modernization Agenda
China says it pursues a national defense policy solely aimed at protecting its territory and people, and in keeping with its concept of "peaceful development." The government's latest white paper on national defense says it will "by and large reach the goal of modernization of national defense and armed forces by the mid-21st century." The paper stresses China's hopes to create a more technologically advanced, capable military that will allow it to conduct and sustain operations at a greater distance from its border and says the country will make much progress toward that goal by 2020.
As part of this modernization agenda, China is acquiring advanced weapons systems from foreign suppliers as well as trying to develop its own. U.S. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates, in a statement to the U.S. Senate Armed Services Committee in January 2009, said the areas of greatest concern are cyber- and anti-satellite warfare, anti-air and anti-ship weaponry, submarines, and ballistic missiles. "Modernization in these areas could threaten America's primary means of projecting power and helping allies in the Pacific: our bases, air and sea assets, and the networks that support them," he said.
China caused an international uproar in January 2007 when it launched a ballistic missile and destroyed one of its own satellites. The anti-satellite test displayed the growing prowess of China's space program and raised questions about China's intentions and civil-military relations within the country. In February 2008, U.S. destruction of a crippled U.S. spy satellite demonstrated that space may emerge as the new contested domain between the great powers. Yet the United States' relative space advantage will probably shrink as China strengthens its space capabilities over the next ten to twenty years, writes Bruce W. MacDonald in a September 2008 Council Special Report. The United States should champion an approach to space that emphasizes deterrence, he suggests, as well as consider new diplomatic initiatives aimed at preventing space from becoming a potential conflict zone.
The United States has also accused China of hacking into government computer networks at the U.S. Departments of State, Commerce, and Defense. Chinese electronic espionage has been alleged against British companies, as well as government agencies in France, Germany, South Korea, and Taiwan. In its November 2008 report to Congress, the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission noted that cyberspace is a critical vulnerability of the U.S. government and economy. The report warns: "China is aggressively pursuing cyber warfare capabilities that may provide it with an asymmetric advantage against the United States. In a conflict situation, this advantage would reduce current U.S. conventional military dominance."
China has been modernizing its nuclear weapons systems and continues to emphasize its "no first use" policy on nuclear weapons. However, nonproliferation expert Henry Sokolski, in May 2008 testimony (PDF) before the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission, said if China were to increase its nuclear weapons deployment, it could prompt its immediate neighbors--South Korea, Japan, and Taiwan--to initiate nuclear weapons programs. Mulvenon says it is a concern for Washington that China has now finally deployed the DF-31--a solid-fueled, nuclear-tipped intercontinental ballistic missile to replace its aging liquid-fueled missiles. The DF-31 provides China with credible and secure second-strike capability, the ability to respond to a nuclear attack with powerful nuclear retaliation.
Beyond specific areas of concern, analysts express worry about discrepancies in China's defense budgets. China says its defense expenditure for 2007 was around $52 billion and its 2008 defense budget is $61 billion. However, the Pentagon says these figures are grossly underreported. In its annual report to Congress, it estimated China's total military-related spending for 2007 to be between $97 billion and $139 billion. China argues that its military budget was only 1.38 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) in 2007, while U.S. defense expenditure was 4.5 percent of GDP. Experts also point to the absolute size of the United States' defense budgets to show the asymmetric comparison. The 2008 U.S. defense budget was $ 481.4 billion plus $141.7 billion for the "Global War on Terror."
U.S. Policy Response
While economic and trade relations between the United States and China have been growing, military to military relations remain relatively underdeveloped. Military conflict between the two is highly unlikely, but "not impossible" according to CFR Senior Fellow Adam Segal. Misperception or misunderstanding over an incident in the Taiwan Strait or the sudden collapse of North Korea might be the spark of a conflict neither side wants, he says.
The April 2001 "spy plane" debacle is an example of such a misunderstanding. Experts are worried there could be more incidents as the Chinese Navy and Air Force counduct exercises and patrols farther away from China and come into more frequent contact with the United States, Taiwan, and Japan.
But some experts see little prospect of a closer military relationship between the two countries in the near future. Admiral Timothy J. Keating, commander of U.S. Pacific Command, told CFR.org it would be a "giant leap of faith" to believe the United States and China could develop a close military partnership any time soon. To improve the relationship, Keating says, will require "more transparency, a better understanding of intention on our part of the Chinese, and to get there we would need more active cooperation with the Chinese."
The United States has followed a two-pronged strategy in the military-to-military relationship, says Mulvenon. It engages with the Chinese military through senior-level exchanges, and it has sought to modernize and reform its own forces. A 2007 CFR Independent Task Force report (PDF), which was cochaired by Dennis Blair, the Obama administration's director of national intelligence, recommended a sustained high-level military-strategic dialogue to complement the "Senior Dialogue" started by the deputy secretary of state in 2005 and the "Strategic Economic Dialogue" launched by the treasury secretary in 2006. It also recommends that Washington strengthen its security partnerships with China's neighbors. As this Backgrounder notes, the United States has been forging closer relations with countries in the region, including India, another regional power. It concluded a groundbreaking nuclear deal with New Delhi in 2008, lifting a three-decade U.S. moratorium on nuclear trade with India. The United States has also been upgrading forward deployed naval and air forces in Guam.
How U.S. defense planners will respond to China's military buildup going forward is also dependent on the ongoing debate over the biggest threats to U.S. national security in the twenty-first century. Writing in the latest Foreign Affairs, Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates says the country now faces both conventional adversaries and irregular conflicts from insurgents and non-state actors, and it should "seek a better balance in the portfolio of capabilities it has--the types of units fielded, the weapons bought, the training done." However, in a situation of finite Department of Defense resources, some analysts argue that "striking the correct planning balance" (PDF) between operations in Iraq and Afghanistan, the war on terror, and China's military modernization will be a key defense planning challenge.

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China military power report 2009 selection: before 2015, China resorts to arms not outward ability

China military force report 2009 selection: before 2015, China resorts to arms not outward ability


The United States in 2009 China Military Power Report attached: the PLA schematic diagram of the arms modernization

The United States on the 25th afternoon local time, the U.S. Defense Department released the 2009 annual "China Military Power Report," Assessment of China's military development jump. This article extracts the contents of the report of the United States military.
Chapter III: People's Liberation Army modernization objectives and trends
The "information into a national defense and military modernization development direction, based on military conditions, and actively promote military reform with Chinese characteristics, scientific formulate national defense and army building, strategic planning, service development strategy, by 2010 to lay a solid foundation, the basic implementation by 2020 mechanization and informationization construction progress has been made in the middle of 21st century national defense and military modernization achieve the goal. "
- Excerpt from "China's National Defense in 2008"
Overview
Chinese leaders have indicated their intention and the allocation of resources for a wide range of military reform, including raising the overall degree of specialization, improve the training level, a more realistic joint military exercises and speed up procurement and the development of a modern conventional weapons and nuclear weapons. People's Liberation Army seems to focus on the construction have to stop the combat capability of Taiwan independence and to ensure that the time delay to ensure that the war in Beijing can force Taiwan to the negotiating table. In addition, the Chinese are also available for the establishment of a wider regional and global combat capability of the power of the foundation.
American intelligence agencies estimated that China will need at least a decade to create a rival to beat middle-scale modernization of the armed forces. 2015 to the local Chinese do not have the projection of small-scale foreign military units and supports its overseas operations capacity; As regards the projection of large-scale military forces overseas and to support its combat operations capabilities, the next decade it is expected to become a reality. People's Liberation Army will continue to face adverse cross-sectoral collaboration, joint exercises and the lack of practical experience in combat operations flaws. To recognize these deficiencies, Chinese leaders emphasize the use of their own advantages and weaknesses of a potential enemy, the development of defeating the enemy be able to "trump card" projects (such as space for confrontation and network warfare project).
Anti-access / area denial capability development
Respond to unexpected events in the Taiwan Strait as part of the plan, the People's Liberation Army has been giving priority to the development to prevent or counter third-party intervention in the Taiwan Strait crisis forces combat capability, and continue to strengthen measures aimed at preventing a third party in the western Pacific military deployment (Anti-intervention) or operations ( regional blockade) capacity. In this context, China's anti-intervention / regional capacity-building blockade has been continuously enriched overlap, can be used to become the sea, sky, space and cyberspace attacks on the implementation of multiple combat systems.
Analysis of the current and planned reform of the forces can be seen that the Chinese are seeking to overcome the dangerous ships arrive to ensure that the "second island chain" of multi-level combat capability. One direction is to integrate from CSS-5 (DF-21) on the development of the basic anti-ship ballistic missile (ASBM), for global positioning and tracking of the goal C4ISR systems, and terminal homing guidance system, to attack the enemy side surface ships. As the Chinese Second Artillery Corps in 2004 published an authoritative article said, ASBM can use the "terminal-sensitive sub-penetrating missile" to "destroy the enemy's ship-borne aircraft, control tower and other easily damaged important goal." This capacity is particularly important, will enable Chinese in the region to take pre-emptive crisis or a tough selection.
Chinese military analysts also consider, taking into account the Transport Co-ordination, communications and logistical complexity of the network requirements, logistics support and wartime mobilization will become the major weaknesses of modern warfare. China may take advantage of short-range / medium-range ballistic missiles, land - attack cruise missile (LACM), special combat units and computer network attack to threaten or attack enemy bases. And its access to air attack plane at the case of come on, you can launch long-range goal is equipped with a variety of end-guided warheads on land attack cruise missiles.
China's emerging regional naval blockade capacity - mines, submarines, maritime attack aircraft and anti-ship cruise missiles equipped with advanced modern surface combat units, achieve their long-range maritime anti-access operations to build a multi-layered defense system. Procurement and development of Chinese Kilo class, Song-class, business class and meta-class submarines, also showed that China's rising through the underwater warfare to achieve regional naval blockade. Over the past decade, China has deployed more than a new type of ship. Purchased from Russia two new modern-II class missile destroyers and self-made long-range anti-ship cruise missiles and equipment Luyang-I/II-based guided missile destroyer, it indicates that China continue to emphasize flexibility in combining a wide range of air control to enhance anti-ship combat capability .

People's Liberation Army is currently a serious lack of strategic transport

Aerial application of anti-intervention / regional blockade selection of weapons, including surface-to-air series (SAMs), such as HQ-9, SA-10, SA-20 (It is reported that possession of a limited number of ballistic missiles and cruise missile defense capability), as well as a range of was the increase in SA-20PMU2; Beijing will also use Russian-made or domestic fourth-generation fighters (such as -27 and Su Su -30 plane for various models, as well as domestically produced F-10 multi-purpose fighter) to fight for dominance in the air; the People's Liberation Army Navy will be using the equipment of the Russian anti-ship missile AS-17/Kh-31A Su-30MK2 fighters and FB-7 fighter-bombers to carry out maritime interdiction mission; from abroad of air refueling, such as the Russian IL -78, will be expanded People's Liberation Army Air Force and Navy fighter planes equipped with precision missiles operational range, thus increasing the Chinese away from the coastline for ground and air forces, bases and logistical hub of the threat. In addition, the long-range unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and unmanned combat aircraft of the introduction and development, including Israel's Harpy unmanned aerial vehicles, also increased the Chinese long-distance reconnaissance and attack selection.
Anti-access / area denial strategy to another battlefield are the electromagnetic and the field of information warfare. People's Liberation Army authors often works in modern warfare emphasize "control information" (sometimes referred to as "the interception of information" or "information dominance"), and as early in military operations to seize the initiative as an important means.
China is to improve the information and the security of military operations, the development of electronic and information combat capability, as well as the blockade strategy and deception. China's "information block" tactic possible with all kinds of military and non-military weapons, across all modern combat space (including space) use.
Strategic capability
In recent years, the Chinese in the development of offensive nuclear weapons, space, and network warfare capability to make steady progress - and this is the only Chinese armed forces today is expected to achieve part of globalization. However, little evidence that Chinese military and civilian leaders have adopted fully consider the impact of global and systematic use of these weapons.
● nuclear forces. Chinese in terms of quality and quantity and improve on all the strategic missile forces. At present, China's nuclear arsenal, including about 20 silo launchers of the liquid-fueled CSS-4 intercontinental ballistic missiles; solid propellant road mobile DF-31 and DF-31A intercontinental ballistic missiles (respectively in 2006 and 2007 the deployment); about 20 liquid-fueled, limited range CSS-3 intercontinental ballistic missile; 15-20 liquid-fueled CSS-2 intermediate-range ballistic missiles; road mobile, solid-fueled CSS-5 Medium range ballistic missiles (for regional deterrence purposes) and "Summer" class ballistic missile submarines equipped with the JL-1 submarine-launched ballistic missiles.
By 2010, China's nuclear forces will include the DF-31 and DF-31A, enhanced CSS-4, CSS-3, CSS-5 and "Jin" class ballistic missile submarines (each carrying 12 JL-2 submarine-launched ballistic missiles); with the People's Liberation Army nuclear strike capability with the number of units is gradually increasing, the mobility and survivability will greatly improve, coupled with the Chinese are studying the ballistic missile defense measures, such as mobile re-entry vehicles (MaRV), aim multiple independent reentry vehicles (MIRV), decoys, chaff, jamming, thermal shielding, as well as anti-satellite weapons - will enhance China's nuclear deterrent force and its strategic strike capability.
Chinese leadership is facing the decentralization and deployment of Airborne Systems will introduce the Chinese leadership put forward new demands, resulting in new control challenges. Such as the People's Liberation Army carried out at sea with the submarine's ability to communicate is limited, and the Chinese navy on the implementation of strategic ballistic missile submarines on patrol NOT management experience. It is worth mentioning that, the Chinese state media reports, the recent missile force training including training in the following circumstances: the loss of the missile batteries and high-level communications and launch site selection requirements of the commander of the situation. About People's Liberation Army is looking for possible publication on this subject, such training can provide that information.
Introduce more mobile platform to the Chinese leadership's command and control has brought new challenges, they formulate the release and deployment of decision-making when faced with a series of variables required. For example, the PLA is currently only a limited ability to carry out its mandate with the submarine at sea for remote communication; the People's Liberation Army Navy has not managed the implementation of the strategic nuclear submarine fleet patrolling experience. It is worth noting that China's official media reported that the PLA's missile force in recent training includes the following elements: at missile launchers with senior commanders of the loss of communication links, or other extreme cases, commanders need to select other launch sites. This can be for outside research on how to solve this problem the People's Liberation Army to provide a limited understanding and observation.

Reported that a number of Chinese People's Liberation Army is responsible for space projects

Chinese defense white paper in 2008 that the Second Artillery Force: 1) Chinese insist "no first use of nuclear weapons" policy, 2) carry out the self-defensive nuclear strategy, 3) strict enforcement of orders of the Central Military Commission, 4) to ensure the country from external as the basic mission of a nuclear attack. 2008 National Defense White Paper also stated "In the country suffered a nuclear attack, the Second Artillery missile will use nuclear weapons, independent or in conjunction with other branches of the armed forces of nuclear forces to counter attack the enemy in the firm. This means that in addition to the Chinese Navy, the nuclear mission may also be allocated to the Chinese Air Force. People's Republic of China military writings indicate that China's nuclear force in other tasks including the prevention of nuclear resources for China to launch regular attacks or the consequences of Tate's destruction scale conventional attacks, to strengthen China's power status and, through restrictions on other countries the threat of Chinese nuclear deterrent force to increase the scope of Chinese freedom of action.
Chinese nuclear forces, taking into account the various tasks on the Chinese "no first use of nuclear weapons" policy of the applicable conditions remains unclear. Even though the Chinese government has repeatedly claimed that he would not change its "no first use of nuclear weapons" policy, but this policy has also been supported by the People's Liberation Army, but Chinese academics and civil still on "no first use of nuclear weapons" policy is legitimate, whether it should continue to maintained controversy. China's strategic forces by conventional attack, whether Chinese "no first use of nuclear weapons" policy abolished, these arguments make China's nuclear force in the strategic objective of a more ambiguous.
● space and counter space. China's space activities, including anti-satellite weapons program, in the Taiwan Strait and beyond the scope of the implementation of anti-intervention / regional blockade has a significant impact on capacity. Much of the Chinese space program, including manned space station projects and schemes to which the People's Liberation Army is responsible. China believes that the space and counter-space capabilities to enhance the development of a national reputation, just like nuclear weapons, to manifest the power of a big country.
● reconnaissance: China is the deployment of advanced imaging, surveillance and military purposes, the Earth resources system, including remote sensing such as -1,2,3,4 and 5, the Ocean-1B, CBERS-2B satellite -2 and , as well as "environmental" disaster / environmental monitoring satellite system. China is planning to launch eight "environmental" project satellites, they are visible, infrared, multi-spectral and synthetic aperture radar imaging features. In the next 10 years, Beijing will build a powerful spy satellite system, which probably will use commercial satellite imagery to supplement existing coverage.
● Navigation and Timing: The Chinese are seeking a variety of independent satellite navigation possible measures. China's current use of the United States Global Positioning System (GPS), Russia's GLONASS navigation system (GLONASS) and domestic Beidou navigation system is used on the 1st. Beidou-1 system includes three satellites, used for both military and civilian purposes. Beidou 2 system is expected to be at 2011 in lieu of Beidou system put into operation on the 1st, and for years 2015-2020 Beidou begin work on the 2nd / compass navigation system to provide additional global.
● manned space program and lunar exploration program: Following the October 2007 Shenzhou VII section 1 lunar probe - launched Chang'e One, China in September 2008 Shenzhou VII use the successful conduct of the first space walk. China's goal is to set up in 2020 and the realization of manned space station unmanned lunar landing and safe return. Manned space program is probably for the Chinese People's Liberation Army weapons development projects. China on the 7th Rocket and control required for the capacity of the system may be used for ballistic missile development. China during the successful run on the 7th to fly with small satellites (BX-1) into orbit around the orbital module. The purpose of this technology is to monitor space, equipment and failure, can also be used to support the activity counter space.
● Communications: China to commercial satellites, satellite and telecommunications satellite consortium, including satellite television, Internet and telephone communications for regional and international. With the development of related technologies, China has recently started to Venezuela and Nigeria through the export of communications satellites and infrastructure to the international market. April 2008, China launched its first communications satellite relay - on the 1st day chain.
● Small Satellites: Since 2000, China has launched a number of small satellites, including oceanographic research, image and environmental research satellites. China has also set up a small satellite design and production facilities, and is developing weighs less than 100 kg micro-satellite for remote sensing, radar images and satellite networks. Once the news breaks, these developments can help achieve China's satellite force in the rapid remodeling or expansion. But Beijing at the development of small rapid-reaction space rocket appears to stagnate.
● anti-satellite weapons: in January 2007, China successfully conducted using the Chinese meteorological satellite missile test groundwork to verify a direct anti-satellite missile attack at near Earth orbit have the ability to attack satellites. At the outbreak of crisis or conflict, the direct attack anti-satellite systems will serve as the People's Liberation Army space operations are zoned multi-part, to limit or prevent potential adversaries to attack the use of space resources.
China's nuclear arsenal has always been to Beijing to provide inherent anti-satellite capacity. 90 In the late 20th century, Chinese from Ukraine won the ultra-high frequency (UHF)-band satellite communications transmitters interfere with its domestic system, so that ordinary Chinese have the capacity of interference-band satellite communications and global positioning system receiver. In addition to direct offensive anti-satellite weapons (see above), China is planning to develop anti-satellite and other high-tech concept weapons, such as kinetic energy and directed-energy lasers, high power microwave and ion beam, etc.. China to develop manned spacecraft and the lunar landing program, citing the positive development of satellite tracking and identification of capacity - This is one effective and strict implementation of anti-a prerequisite for space warfare.
● information warfare. Chinese military thinkers have written about a lot of information warfare article. For example in November 2006 "Liberation Army Daily" Comment Summary: "[the] institutions in the information under the condition of the war than the enemy of possession advantage for outstanding performance, our ability to use various means to obtain information, and to ensure effective information circulation; Whether or not we can take full advantage of the permeability, shared property rights and information connectivity, implementation of materials, energy and the organic combination of information to form a joint combat effectiveness; [and,] whether we have the ability to implement effective means to weaken the enemy's information to reduce the enemy information advantages and the operational efficiency of equipment. "
Chinese People's Liberation Army is investing in electronic countermeasures, electronic attack defense (such as: electronic and infrared decoys, angle reflectors, and false target generators), and computer network operations (CNO). China's CNO concepts include computer network attack, computer network development (CNE), and computer network defense (CND). Chinese People's Liberation Army has established information warfare units to examine the use of network virus to attack enemy computer systems, development strategies for ways to protect friendly computer systems and networks. In 2005, the Chinese People's Liberation Army begin CNO put into military activities.

Strategic projection capability - modernization beyond the Taiwan Strait
China's continued investment in the development of military projects, designed to enhance a wider range of national strategies projection capability. The development of Chinese military power is now a trend that is changing military balance in East Asia and the People's Liberation Army has the ability to go far beyond the Taiwan Strait, the Asia-Pacific region to carry out military operations. Given the lack of In addition to the Taiwan region from other countries outside of the direct threat to China's current and future military strength will be how to use the still very uncertain. However, these capabilities would enable Beijing in the use of diplomatic means, the increase in military coercive means to advance the interests, or resolve disputes.
Chinese People's Liberation Army, some analysts believe that the expansion of Taiwan in the Chinese maritime "defensive" boundaries and enhance the impact of the capacity of the sea lines of communication have an important geopolitical value. For example: Chinese People's Liberation Army Military Academy article "Strategic Study" (2000) wrote: "If separate Taiwan from China, not only our natural defense system would lose its depth, and opened the gate leading to the external sphere of influence, and will there is a large area of territorial waters and rich marine resources fall into the hands of others ... to our country, opening up and economic development of foreign trade and transport routes, will be subject to the separatists and hostile forces, surveillance and threat, and China will always was locked in the western Pacific in the first island chain. "
If the regional turmoil, with the protection of the power invested in Central Asia and communication requirements of the route will be opened up for military input or provide an opportunity for intervention. Questions about the ownership of the East China Sea dispute with Japan and Southeast Asia with a number of claims in respect of the South China Sea Islands and the Islands of some or all of the islands dispute the ownership of the relationship between these areas have become nervous again. Instability in the Korean Peninsula could lead to regional crises same.
China and Japan crossed the border around the East China Sea, as well as some countries in Southeast Asia around the South China Sea dispute over sovereignty, possible cause of tension in this region. Instability in the Korean peninsula may lead to regional crises same. In addition, the Chinese land-based energy channels in order to guarantee security, but also need to pay attention to regional security dynamics in Central Asia. On the purchase of weapons to China analysis also showed that China's building its own military strength is beyond the eyes of the Taiwan issue. Chinese at different locations such as the deployment of theater missile equipped with a new conventional missile units, can be used to deal with a lot of non-Taiwan-related "emergency" case, and the Airborne Early Warning and Control System (AEW & C) as well as the introduction of air refueling will be allowed to the People's Liberation Army Expand the scope of air operations into the South China Sea area and further afield.
Advanced destroyers and submarines strength reflects the rapid development of Beijing, or want to break through to reach the second island chain to protect and promote the aspirations of its maritime interests. With the constant introduction of new equipment and better technical and tactical training and closer cooperation in joint operations, the PLA's expeditionary forces (three airborne divisions, two amphibious infantry divisions, two brigades and around the Navy Special Operations Group 7) First step is to develop. Long-term view, China's C4ISR system improvements, including space-based and the use of over-the-horizon sensor will lock and track Beijing's goal of military activities deep into the western Pacific.

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The scholar said it's time to make a decision that whether China make the aircraft carrier

Defense Ministry spokesman Colonel Xueping Wong said that the aircraft carrier are a nation's comprehensive strength performance, but also a National naval power requirements. China has vast coastal areas and territorial seas, the main direction of the sea to protect national security, safeguard China's sovereignty and territorial seas the territorial sea rights and interests of Chinese armed forces are sacred duties. General of the Chinese government will seriously study the factors to consider related issues.

In recent days, regarding the construction of Chinese aircraft carriers have not reported in the media, caused widespread concern both at home and abroad. Chinese senior military officers have been made to stand: Chinese should not never have a carrier. Chinese aircraft carrier for the construction of the significance of surrounding country will be how to react and so on, us on the 24th since the first online survey, the majority of Internet users believe that the Chinese built aircraft carrier of positive significance. At the same time, Beijing scholars have also pointed out that, should the construction of aircraft carriers, China has to have to make decisions.
By press time, the survey showed that Chinese should be made about the reasons for the aircraft carrier, the tendency of Internet users the most options are, "China has an aircraft carrier, the effect of the marine rights will be further strengthened", this option is near 40 percent voting rate. And "big country not only Chinese carrier, China's reasonable construction of the aircraft carrier", "has considerable military deterrent force development and peace go hand in hand" The voting rate for the two options were also almost three into.
The outcome of the vote, with the recent case of marine rights appear not without continuous relations, especially in the South China Sea are of particular concern to trigger a Chinese netizens. During this time, the South China Sea area "since the wind surge," the complexity of the situation can be described as unprecedented: President of the Philippines signed the territorial sea baseline bill will be part of the Huangyan Island and Nansha Islands into the territory of the Philippines; Malaysian Prime Minister Nansha projectile landing reef "declaration of sovereignty"; American warships to escort ships in the South China Sea for its intelligence, allegedly a U.S. research vessel will arrive in China next week, near the waters ... ...
User guestbook have said that some countries intensified, wantonly violating the sovereignty of the South China Sea operations, there is a need to strengthen marine Chinese military power, has its own aircraft carrier.
Scholars believe that China has undergone a transformation from the ocean into a modern country, the territorial sea and the protection of coastal resources, marine protection lifeline, overseas benefits the maintenance, of the potential deterrent international hostile forces, which formed a necessary aspect of a Chinese aircraft carrier at the core of the call for ocean-going navy.
In this regard, Renmin University of China Institute of International Relations, Professor Jin Canrong pointed out that the Chinese built aircraft carrier, there is such a need, but also have the ability now to have to make decisions.
He said that today's China as the world's third largest economy, regardless of economic strength or technological strength, have reached the basic needs of the construction of aircraft carrier. At the same time, China's interests more than national boundaries, maritime traffic and demonstrates the growing importance of safety, strengthen the protection of overseas interests, the urgent needs of maritime rights, which China has a need for a stronger carrier. Chinese warships to escort Somali waters, the largest fishery boat cruise to the South China Sea exclusive economic zone management actions to deal with at this stage are a manifestation of this demand.
He also pointed out that from a legal perspective, the construction of aircraft carriers are China's own rights, other country has the right to be concerned. Quite a number of Internet users in this survey also emphasized Guestbook "We Do not need a foreign-made aircraft carrier Recognition", even though neighboring countries have been further defined to China to build aircraft carriers will demonstrate a high degree of concern.
Japan's reaction is most sensitive. Chinese Defense Minister Liang Guanglie at recently said that "China should not never have a carrier," the media has said that the Japanese government "effort" to develop countermeasures.
It should be noted that Japan has deployed "quasi-aircraft carrier." At present, the Constitution should not have the aircraft carrier in Japan on the 18th will be able to carry helicopters, destroyers, "Day to No." (13,900 dwt) were deployed. It is reported that Japan is currently under construction "on the 2nd to the day."
Experts have predicted that Japan might want to build at the acquiescence of the United States and China, the inventor of the aircraft carrier similar scale, many of us take part in the investigation of Internet users also tend to this point of view. However, Jin analysis pointed out that even though the US-Japan alliance exist, but, after all, the country experienced the war, at the "Japan-made aircraft carrier" on question, at this stage, I'm afraid the same could not walk that far.

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The Jinan Military Region some armored division officers and soldiers carry on the attack and defense psychological training

On March 24, Jinan Military Region some armored division aims at needs of actual combat training, increased the content to the recent program psychological warfare to carry on the research exploration, they established the psychological warfare to train the demonstration topic to teach, try to teach the unit first, trained the method pathway which to the psychological warfare organized and implements to carry on the standard, and gave the promotion in entire. This teacher enhances officers' and soldiers' psychological attack and defense ability to take the promotion battle efficiency point of growth, whole operational capacity further obtains the enhancement. The chart carries on the attack and defense psychological training for the officers and soldiers.
In draws close to under the battlefield environment to improve officers' and soldiers' psychological protection quality

Broadcast noise sound and release smog

Improves officers' and soldiers' psychological protection quality

Drawing close to battlefield environment

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Russian media said the Chinese J-11B stealth ability superior performance three times in the Soviet Union -27

Russian media referring to J-11B at stealth ability has improved significantly on

Chinese Air Force's Su-27SK and equipment has become the performance of backward



Russian media recently pointed out, Chinese people at the Russian-made Su -27 fighter planes developed on the basic J-11B is a very advanced aircraft performance, its relationship with the Soviet Union -27 there were significant differences. At present, this new type of aircraft equipment, Chinese Air Force has already begun.
J-11B at mass production and the armed forces at the same time, China was halted in 2004 under the Russian license at the domestic assembly of Su-27S work. Clearly, China has used its self-developed J-11B has been replaced by the location of the Su-27SK.
Until now, China's leading aircraft manufacturers - Shenyang Aircraft Corporation has been using parts imported from Russia 95 SU assembled-27SK (the initial plan is to assemble 200). Perhaps the production Su-27SK is in volume production in order to give the Chinese people to improve their strength from the J-11B to give up the road.
Even though J-11B from the Su-27SK, but its performance has significantly improved, including a smaller cross-section of radar reflectivity, reinforced body, improved fire control systems, glass cockpit and improved engines. In order to conduct flight tests, China produced a total of string No. 521,523 and 524, respectively, for the three J-11B. It is reported that J-11B at stealth made great progress: the radar reflectivity cross section from the Soviet Union -27 reduced to 15 square meters of 5 square meters, or even likely to have three square meters.
In order to improve the stealth capabilities, China on the J-11B inlet shape was improved, the use of radar absorbing materials and many people in the coating machine can reduce the infrared characteristics of coatings.
Chinese Air Force had the Soviet Union because of the body the life of -27 has been criticized, therefore, to enhance the body strength to improve the job to become an important element. Especially with the weapons pylons connected parts have been strengthened.
In addition, thanks to the modernization of large-scale use of composite materials, the F-11B airframe weight than the Su-27SK a reduction of around 700 kilograms, and its flying life expectancy than the latter an increase of 1000 hours.
Experts have estimated that J-11B on the fire control radar systems and equipment than the Su-27SK and equipment on the 1473 model is more powerful, has the ability to detect simultaneously up to 20 aim, and one of the six tracks simultaneously.
J-11B that is equipped with advanced digital control system, but also to retain the mechanical backup.
In addition, the F-11B's cockpit with the Su-27SK has a significant difference, progress is obvious.J-11B cockpit has achieved the "glass" LCD screen has been replaced by the original instrument panel, the entire cockpit looks neat and tidy. The aircraft's avionics system also successfully fire control radar, optoelectronic systems and infrared reconnaissance equipment integration.
Because of airborne radio system has been improved, making J-11B can equipment such as PL-12 is equipped with active radar seeker of the distance from the "air-to-air" missile.
Although the J-11B is currently imported from Russia are still using the AL-31F engine, but the future China will gradually change the life of self-developed longer and stronger economic WS-10A engine.

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